In the context of forthcoming stricter air quality standards announced by the WHO and the European Commission, the Dutch government is looking for ways to further improve air quality. At the request of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat), this report outlines eight measures aimed at improving air quality. The costs and emission effects (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, elemental carbon, ammonia and carbon dioxide) of these measures have been quantified to the extent possible. Qualitative assessments were also made, such as feasibility and support from the industry and society. The NOx emission reduction findings for the measures studied are presented below.