At the request of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA) CE Delft has reviewed the costs and benefits of a range of investment options for more sustainable ways of meeting the heating requirements of dwellings and horticultural greenhouses under the AMA’s ‘Heat and Cold’ programme. The aim is to improve understanding of cost-effective heat solutions if natural gas is superseded by other heat supply options in the AMA built environment. A regionally coordinated strategy for ‘greening’ heat demand may have benefits over a strategy per municipality.