In this report, CE Delft, commissioned by Stichting Open, examines four variants of collection systems for used disposable vapes (also known as disposable e-cigarettes). These include:
In all systems, collection takes place at legal points of sale (tobacco shops and, until 2026, convenience stores). We assess the preconditions and expected collection performance of each system, as well as consumers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the disposal and collection of vapes.
Vape use is particularly popular among 12- to 30-year-olds. It is estimated that more than half—and possibly over 90%—of used disposable vapes are illegal. Consumer research shows that 85% of users only use flavoured vapes, which are not permitted for sale on the Dutch market. Vapes are addictive and have negative implications for public health; therefore, they fall under discouragement policies.
In principle, vapes should not be disposed of with residual waste but must be returned to certain shops, recycling centres, or waste collection points. However, a large proportion of vapes still end up in household waste. This can lead to waste fires and pollution caused by hazardous substances. Most users are unaware that vapes must not be thrown away with regular waste.
For all variants, feasibility and effectiveness are limited by the presence of a dominant illegal market. Strengthened enforcement and containment of this illegal market are therefore essential preconditions in every case. Further discouragement of vape use directly contributes to solving the waste problem. Pursuing a European ban on vapes appears to be the most effective measure in this regard.
All proposed collection systems that require the target group to return to the point of sale are at odds with the policy goal of discouraging vape use.