STREAM Freight Transport 2016

See the update STREAM Freight Transport 2020

 

This 2nd version of STREAM Freight Transport 2016 (January 2017) has the following changes relative to Version 1:

• The particulate emissions (PMc) of short-sea shipping vessels have been adjusted upwards. Because of the SECA standards, the figures in STREAM for this vessel category are based on emissions for low-sulphur diesel (MGO). An analysis of recent sources (2016) points to MGO leading to higher emissions than assumed in the original version. This change impacts on all tables and figures referencing the particulate emissions of short-sea shipping.
• In Table 29, Table 30 and Table 31 the tank-to-wheel indices for CNG and LNG have been altered from 100 to 84, to correct a typing error.
• In Table 35 the particulate indices for ‘HFO + scrubber’ and ‘LNG’ have been altered, owing to the change in the particulate emissions of MGO-fuelled short-sea shipping. In Table 60 the well-to-tank particulate (PMc) and SO2 emission factors have been altered, to correct a typing error.
• Several literature references have been replaced by more recent or direct sources (reporting the same information).

STREAM Freight Transport 2016 is a handbook providing emission factors per tonne-kilometre for road, rail, inland-waterway and short-sea transport. For each of these transport modes the report gives representative average emission data suitable for exploratory (policy) analyses for which average data suffice. In addition, the report provides detailed factors with which emissions can be calculated for specific situations by users disposing over information on the types of vehicle or vessel employed and their mode of utilization (type of freight and class of waterway/road). Besides fleet-average emission factors for the year 2014, factors are also reported for individual vehicle technologies (such as Euro emission classes) and (alternative) fuels.

Besides the emission data, the report also provides extensive information on the sources and methods used.

The emission factors in this publication are not designed for direct comparison of transport modes. What they can be used for is comparison between various transport options, allowing for the particular distance travelled by each mode, for upstream and downstream transport and for freight transhipment. This is illustrated with reference to several concrete cases.

STREAM provides emission factors for greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O, summed as CO2-eq.) and the principal transport air-pollutants (PM10, NOx and SO2). Besides both exhaust and wear-and-tear emissions, the emissions occurring during extraction, production and transport/transmission of fuel and electricity are also reported.

Representative emission factors per mode, bulk/packaged cargo transport

Mode	Vehicle/Vessel	Type of freight	CO2 (g/tkm) (WTW)	PMc (g/tkm) (TTW)	NOx (g/tkm) (TTW)
Road	Large van	Med.-weight	1,153	0.148	5.03
	Truck, medium-size	Med.-weight	259	0.017	1.75
	Tractor-semitrailer	Med.-weight	82	0.003	0.29
Rail	Electric, medium-length*	Heavy	10	0	0
	Diesel, medium-length*	Heavy	18	0.005	0.19
Inland shipping	Rhine-Herne canal (RHC) vessel	Heavy	38	0.017	0.46
	Large Rhine vessel	Heavy	21	0.008	0.23
Short-sea	General Cargo 10-20 dwkt	Heavy	15	0.005	0.25

* Share of electric: 70-90%; share of diesel: 10-30%.

Representative emission factors per mode, container transport

Mode	Vehicle/Vessel	Type of freight	CO2 (g/tkm) (WTW)	PMc (g/tkm) (TTW)	NOx (g/tkm) (TTW)
Road	Tractor-semitrailer, heavy (2 TEU)	Med.-weight	102	0.004	0.36
Rail	Electric, long (90 TEU)*	Med.-weight	16
	Diesel, long (90 TEU)*	Med.-weight	30	0.009	0.309
Inland shipping	RHC vessel (96 TEU)	Med.-weight	44	0.019	0.53
	Large Rhine vessel (208 TEU)	Med.-weight	24	0.009	0.26
Short-sea	Container (Panamax-like, 4,060 TEU)	Med.-weight	21	0.008	0.35

* Share of electric: 70-90%; share of diesel: 10-30%.