To assess the potential for further closure of the plastics supply chain, CE Delft was commissioned by the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable Packaging (KIDV) to examine the lessons to be drawn from several business cases relating to commercial waste. Besides similarities, the stream of commercial packaging waste also differs in several major respects from that from households. The stream is far more ‘closed’ in financial terms, for example, with supply and demand of the recycled plastics better matched than for domestic plastic packaging waste.