The results of our study show that there are significant differences between sectors in terms of their economic contribution relative to their energy consumption, land use, emissions, and the environmental costs they generate. To highlight societal value, we compare the economic added value (GDP) and employment (FTE) of sectors against a set of sustainability indicators: energy consumption, land use, greenhouse gas emissions (both direct and in the supply chain), air pollution (including health impact), and nitrogen emissions. These elements are scarce, and their efficient use helps generate greater broad prosperity.The government can make strategic choices to focus on sectors where the Netherlands has a strong position and which contribute to a sustainable and efficient economy. This means that some sectors will need to transform or shrink, while others can be encouraged to grow.