The goal of the government is to achieve a fully circular economy by 2050. One measure that could potentially contribute to this is a levy on primary fossil plastics. The aim of the levy is to discourage the production and use of primary fossil plastics and instead encourage the share of plastic recyclate and bio-based plastics. CE Delft was commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat) to assess the environmental and economic impact of a levy.